APIE

Nội dung bài tập

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Phan 1

Phrase Meaning Example
reside on the edge of be located on the edge of something Earth resides on the edge of a spiral arm.
never stops changing changes continuously Technology never stops changing.
whiz around move very quickly in different directions Leaves whizzed around in the wind.
pull... closer to attract toward Gravity pulls objects closer to Earth.
in the absence of without In the absence of evidence, we cannot decide.
give rise to cause; create New ideas can give rise to innovation.
travel through move across Sound waves travel through air.
break the symmetry destroy a balanced pattern The impact broke the symmetry of the structure.
overlap with cover the same area partly Their responsibilities overlap with each other.
throw off the balance disturb the balance Climate change can throw off the balance of ecosystems.

Phan 3

🌌 The Story of the Milky Way

Explore the dynamic history and evolution of our home galaxy.

Within the Milky Way, the Earth resides on the inner edge of a spiral arm. However, this is not our permanent address. When most dinosaurs went extinct, our solar system was located in a different spiral arm. The Milky Way is constantly changing, and even its structure continues to evolve.

Around 13 billion years ago, the gas and dust that eventually formed the Milky Way were moving rapidly in every direction. Each particle possessed angular momentum, which describes the magnitude and direction of its rotation around the galaxy's center. Together, these individual motions created the overall rotation of the young galaxy.

🌀 How the Galactic Disc Formed

As the particles frequently collided, they lost energy as heat. Moving more slowly, gravity pulled them closer to the galactic center. Unlike stars and planets, however, the Milky Way became a flat disc rather than a sphere. This happened because galaxies have relatively low density but high angular momentum. To conserve angular momentum, particles tended to move parallel to the axis of rotation instead of falling directly toward the center. Over billions of years, they formed a rapidly rotating galactic disc.

🌊 Spiral Arms and Density Waves

The spiral arms are regions where stars and gas are more densely packed. They are not fixed structures but are created by density waves moving through the galaxy, much like waves moving across water. As these waves travel, stars continuously move into and out of the spiral arms.

Density waves can form in different ways. A nearby companion galaxy may disturb a galaxy's structure through its gravitational pull, creating waves that can last for billions of years. Alternatively, a dense clump of stars and gas within the galaxy can trigger waves on its own. Scientists believe this is how the Milky Way's spiral arms formed.

Our solar system orbits the center of the galaxy faster than the spiral arms themselves. As a result, it will continue moving deeper into its current spiral arm before eventually leaving it millions of years from now.

⏳ A Constantly Changing Galaxy

Recent observations suggest that spiral galaxies often contain multiple overlapping density waves moving at different speeds. Because of this, spiral arms are constantly forming, breaking apart, and reforming over tens or hundreds of millions of years. Therefore, the Milky Way likely looked very different when Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago.

🚀 Looking Far Into the Future

About five billion years from now, the Milky Way will begin merging with the Andromeda galaxy. This collision will disrupt the galaxy's balance of angular momentum, creating an egg-shaped galaxy and marking the beginning of a new chapter in our galaxy's evolution.

Phan 4

🌌 Interactive Exercises: Module 4

Luyện tập tương tác để củng cố kiến thức về sự hình thành, cấu trúc và tương lai của Dải Ngân Hà (Milky Way).

Part A Multiple Choice Questions

Chọn đáp án đúng nhất dựa trên nội dung bài đọc.

1. Where is Earth currently located?

____ A. At the center of the Milky Way ____ B. On the outer edge of the galaxy ____ C. On the inner edge of a spiral arm ____ D. Outside the Milky Way

2. Why did the Milky Way become flat instead of spherical?

____ A. Because gravity disappeared ____ B. Because of its high angular momentum ____ C. Because stars pushed everything outward ____ D. Because the Sun created the galaxy

3. What are spiral arms?

____ A. Permanent groups of stars ____ B. Large planets ____ C. Regions of higher density created by density waves ____ D. Clouds outside the galaxy

4. What causes the Milky Way's spiral arms according to scientists?

____ A. The Sun's gravity ____ B. A nearby black hole ____ C. A dense clump of stars and gas inside the galaxy ____ D. Earth's orbit

5. What major event is expected in about five billion years?

____ A. Earth will leave the Milky Way. ____ B. The Sun will become another galaxy. ____ C. The Milky Way will merge with Andromeda. ____ D. Spiral arms will disappear forever.

Part B Fill in the Blanks

Điền từ thích hợp từ hộp từ gợi ý vào chỗ trống.

🔑 Word Bank / Hộp từ gợi ý:

gravity density waves angular momentum collided companion galaxy
1

Gas and dust particles frequently ____, losing energy as heat.

2

Particles moved parallel to the axis to conserve ____.

3

____ pulled the particles closer to the galactic center.

4

Spiral arms are created by ____ moving through the galaxy.

5

A nearby ____ can create density waves through its gravitational pull.

Part C Shadowing Activity (B1+/B2)

Nghe câu mẫu và ghi âm lại giọng đọc của bạn để luyện phát âm, ngữ điệu.

Practice 1 🔊 Listen

"The Milky Way never stops changing, and even its structure continues to evolve."

🎯 Focus: Sentence stress and linking (Trọng âm câu và nối âm).

[Bài tập luyện nói]

____
Practice 2 🔊 Listen

"Gravity was able to pull the particles closer to the galactic center."

🎯 Focus: Pronunciation of gravity, particles, galactic.

[Bài tập luyện nói]

____
Practice 3 🔊 Listen

"Spiral arms are regions where stars and gas are packed more tightly together."

🎯 Focus: Relative clause ("where stars and gas...").

[Bài tập luyện nói]

____
Practice 4 🔊 Listen

"The spiral arms are not permanent structures but are created by density waves."

🎯 Focus: Contrast with not... but...

[Bài tập luyện nói]

____
Practice 5 (Challenge) 🔊 Listen

"About five billion years from now, the Milky Way will start to merge with the Andromeda galaxy."

🎯 Focus: Future tense, rhythm, and proper noun pronunciation (Andromeda).

[Bài tập luyện nói]

____
The birth of the galaxy in 60 seconds

The birth of the galaxy in 60 seconds

Loại:video
Thời gian:60 phút
Số câu hỏi:4